Here You Learn

Learn English As a Second Language And Become A More Confident And Fluent Speaker

2010-12-08T07:40:00.000-08:00

By Adriana A Noton

English is the most widely used language in the world, and the ability to communicate in it is essential in many careers, particularly business and communications. Learn English as Second Language with a competent and qualified teacher and improve your career prospects enormously. There are many countries in which you can study, such as The United Kingdom, Ireland, The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Alternatively, you can find a good school in your own country and improve your skills without having to travel.

Undoubtedly the best way to learn a foreign tongue is to live in a country where it is spoken and immerse yourself in the culture. There are numerous language schools throughout the English speaking world and they offer students the chance not only to become proficient speakers but also to have a full cultural experience.

It is common for new students to be placed with a homestay family with whom they must make an effort to communicate. Schools also organise social events, such as visits to restaurants and local places of interest. This encourages students to mix and practise speaking with people from many different backgrounds. To find a school, search online for information on services, entry requirements and fees.

Although staying in a foreign country is an amazing experience, it is not affordable or practical for everyone. In most countries, there are classes available, often in the evening to accommodate those students with full-time work. Even if you are planning to travel, it is a good idea to attend at least a short course before you go, especially if you haven't studied English for a long time.

The most important factor in a successful learning experience is the quality of the teacher. Ideally, your teacher should be a native speaker, that is someone for whom English is the first language. If your teacher is not a native speaker, he or she must have spoken English for several years and be extremely fluent. This is essential so they can model the language accurately, using the correct grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.

Your teacher should also be knowledgeable, friendly and well-organised. Classes ought to cover a variety of topics and skills, particularly grammar, vocabulary, speaking, listening, reading and writing. You should have the opportunity to talk and interact with the other students as much as possible. There needs to be lots of different activities and resources used in the lesson and your teacher must always give you helpful feedback and correct your errors. Don't be afraid to ask questions if you are confused and don't worry about making mistakes. Just try your best and speak as much as you can.

Classes are usually organised into the following levels: beginner, elementary, pre-intermediate, intermediate, upper intermediate and advanced. By pre-intermediate you should be able to hold a basic conversation and by intermediate be able to speak about a lot of different topics reasonably easily. You will move on when your teacher thinks you are ready to cope with the next level. You may get a test occasionally to determine the right class for you.

Speaking English well is one of the best skills you can acquire, so whether you are an absolute beginner or just need to improve a little, enroll in a class and start learning.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Adriana_A_Noton

Lesson 9 Indefinite Articles

2010-06-27T01:50:00.000-07:00

Leçon 9 articles indéfinis
Un…… before masculine singular
Une……. before feminine singular
Des…… before plural

When the thing is not specific
un livre……..a book
une pomme………an apple
un stylo……….a pen

to show one in some cases
Il y a un étudiant dans la salle………..There is one student in the room.

Sometimes it is used when we do not use indefinite article in English.
Ce sont des amis………….. They are friends.

In negatives we use the article de
je n’ai pas de stylo. ……No, I do not have a pen.

When we talk about a nationality, religion, or profession, no article is used
Elle est artiste……….. She is an artist.

French video lessons

2010-06-26T07:22:00.001-07:00

video lessons for french will soon be uploaded.

Kiss At An Interview

2010-06-23T06:38:00.001-07:00

KISS means Keep it Short and Simple, this the most important thing, you should remember when you are at an interview. Let it be any interview, for a job, for admission at some college, high school or any other institute. Always follow the technique of KISS. If you KISS, there is a 90% chance that you, they will select you. Most of the interviewers are looking for this quality in your answers.

When the interviewer ask you a question, listen to it; if you did not understand say ’PARDON’. However, be very careful do not use the word PARDON, more than two times at an interview. If you cannot understand most of what he says then just make a GOOD GUESS and answer what you think the interviewer might have asked. Asking someone to repeat question continually is often considered offensive.

Now while answering the question you will have to keep kiss in your mind. Keep your answer concise, it should neither be very short nor be very long. One word answer such as YES or NO should be avoided, try to add something, some detail with such answers. However, do not make your answers so long, that it begins to irritate the interviewer .

To keep your answer simple, use very simple and understandable language, do not use very difficult vocabulary words. Do not use uncommon vocabulary, if your vocabulary is very good you can mention it on your resume. Another thing, if you use difficult vocabulary, the interviewer might not understand you, “why will he select you if he did not understand what you said?"

Use different words to create a colorful effect in your answer but avoid using difficult words For example, instead of dead you can use expired, or passed away, do not use demise. This way you will not make any pronunciation mistake, and another thing that these words are used at certain situations if you are familiar with the use of a word perfectly then go ahead use it, but it would be better if you avoid heavy vocabulary.

If you KISS, it will not be a problem for the interviewer to judge your capability, if he understands everything that you say, then you will pass the interview

Lesson 8 Use of Definite Articles

2010-06-23T06:06:00.000-07:00

•With nouns in a general or abstract sense

J'adore les chiens. (I love dogs.)

•With titles of rank or profession, except when directly talking to a person the person

le docteur Jean (Dr. John)
Bonjour, docteur Jean. (Hello, Dr. John.)

•With days of the week in a plural sense

Le lundi je travaille. (On Mondays, I work.)

•With dates

C'est le dix août. (It's August 10.)

•With most geographical names of countries and continents

La France est super. (France is super.)

•With common expressions of time or place

le soir (in the evening)

The definite article is used to refer to specific objects, people, and events which have been defined by the speaker or the context (just as in Engliish):
•Voici le livre que j'ai acheté. Here's the book I bought.

It is also used to refer to general categories or to abstract concepts (usually ommited in English):
•Le vrai courage est rare. True courage is rare.

•With names of languages, except after palare en de

•With parts of the body when the possessor is clear

Lesson 7 Definite Articles

2010-06-23T06:03:00.001-07:00

Le before masculine singular
La before feminine singular
Les before plural
L` before vowel and mute h

le livre........ the book
la voiture.......... the car
l'animal.......... the animal
les arbres.......... the trees
Je vais à la banque..............I'm going to the bank.
Voici le livre que j'ai lu...............Here is the book I read.

Lesson 1 Introductions

2010-06-20T23:47:00.000-07:00

Lektion 1 Einführungen
Hello………………………hallo
Good morning…………….......Guten Morgen
Good evening…………………Guten Abend
Good night…………………….Gute Nacht
How are you? …………………Wie geht es Ihnen?
How are you? …………………wie geht’s? (informal)
I am fine…………………….... Mir geht es gut
Okay.So so ………………………… es geht
What is your name?.................... Wie ist Ihr Name
My name is…………………….Mein Name ist
Thank you……………………..Danke
good bye……………………… auf wiedersehen

stars shine down

2010-05-02T07:17:00.000-07:00

Lara Cameron, the central character of the story belongs to a poor family. Her mother died when she was born and her father was very cold to her throughout his life. When her father dies she takes a loan and builds her own building.

With her hard work, intelligence and the help of some well-wishers she earns herself a very high status. She fall in love with a famous pianist “Philip Adler” during her journey from a poor girl to an estate owner she also makes some adversaries, which later on threatens her reputation, happiness and business.

Strength, emotions, anger, diligence and intelligence make Lara a perfect Sheldon girl. It seems as though Sheldon has observed women, very closely, and he has been successful in understanding woman. The language of the novel is very simple and it is a very good choice, to read, if someone does not have a huge vocabulary

Tell me your dreams

2010-04-07T04:34:00.000-07:00

A few weeks ago, on a friends advice I read a novel “tell me your dreams” by Sidney Sheldon, it was his first novel i ever read. I knew Sheldon was famous for creating a thrill in his reader's mind, but I had no idea, a thrill of this level.

Three women who work at the same place are accused of three murders all the three murders have something in common which leads the police to the real culprit, one of the convicts is arrested, Ashley Patterson. Ashley Patterson denies the fact of killing somebody; thus begins the most bizarre and terrifying murder trial of the country.
I will not share more about it; you will enjoy it even more if you read it, the language being extremely simple and understandable, you do not need to consult the dictionary every moment. That is the way Sheldon writes, to keep his readers from being bored.
It’s one of the best novels of Sheldon

Lesson 6 Feminine Nouns

2010-01-15T02:23:00.000-08:00

Leçon 6 Noms Féminin
Nouns ending in:
-tion, -sion and -son
-ure
-ude, -ade
-ée
-té
-ière
Consonant followed by -ie
-euse
-ance, -ence
Most other endings consisting of Vowel + Consonant + e: -ine, -ise, -alle, -elle, -esse, -ette etc

Lesson 5 Masculine Nouns

2010-01-14T02:20:00.000-08:00

Leçon 5 noms masculins

Nouns ending in:
-age
-ment
-il, -ail, -eil, -ueil
-é (but not -té)
-eau and -ou
-ème, -ège
-i, -at, -et and -ot
-er
-oir
-isme
-ing
-ard
Names of towns and places, except for those ending in e

Lesson 4 Pronunciation

2010-01-13T02:05:00.000-08:00

Leçon 4 prononciation
pronunciation of the é
été.........summer
armée...... army

pronunciation of the combination er es ez

répéter.... repeat
chez
ses

pronunciation of -ai
j'ai
je donnai

The [ ] sound is identical to the vowel sound of pet. The letters ê, è and e are normally pronounced [ ].

bête
mère

le palais
près
dès
la forêt

The [ ] sound is similar to the u sound of knuckle. The letter e of these short one syllable words is pronounced as [ ].
je
te
se
ce
ne

The [ ] sound also occurs in the first syllable of Monsieur and the two syllable forms of the verb faire.

Monsieur
nous faisons

Lesson 3 French Alphabets

2010-01-12T01:24:00.000-08:00

Leçon 3 Alphabet français

A/ah
B/beh
C/seh
D/deh
E/uh
F/eff
G/zheh
H/ahsh
I/ee
J/zhee
K/kah
L/ell
M/em
N/en
O/oh
P/peh
Q/koo
R/air
S/ess
T/teh
U/ooh
V/veh
W/doo-blah-veh
X/eeks
Y/ee-grek
Z/zed

Lesson 2 Basic Phrases

2010-01-11T03:10:00.000-08:00

Leçon expressions de base

Please (formal)…. S'il vous plait
Please (informal)……….. S'il te plait
Thankyou very much…………..Merci beaucoup
You’re welcome….De rien.
See you later………A plus tard
See you soon………..A bientôt
I am sorry……Je suis désolé
Excuse me………..Excusez-moi !
Yes………..Oui
No………… non
Nice to meet you……..Enchanté
Mister………….Monsieur
Misses…………Madame
Miss……….. Mademoiselle
How old are you? (formal)..........Quel âge avez-vous ?
How old are you? (Informal)……Tu as quel âge ?
I am years........ old………J'ai ____ ans.

Lesson 1 Introductions

2010-01-10T02:59:00.000-08:00

Leçon 1 introductions
Hello……………………Bonjour
Hi/bye……………………. salut
Good morning……………...... Bonjour
Good evening………………… Bonsoir
Good night……………………. Bonne nuit
How are you? …………………Comment allez-vous ?
How are you? …………………Ça va ?
I am fine……………………....Ça va
Very bad ……………………… Très mal
What is your name?.................... Comment vous appelez-vous ?
What is your name (informal)………Tu t'appelles comment ?
My name is…………………….Je m'appelle...
Thank you…………………….. Merci !
good bye……………………… Au revoir

Lesson 158 In Italy

2010-01-05T04:15:00.000-08:00

Napoli...... Naples
Abruzzo........ Abruzzo
Basilicata........ Basilicata
Potenza........ Potenza
Lazio......... Lazio
Roma......... Rome
Lombardia.......... Lombardy
Milano......... Milan
Ancona......... Ancona
Torino........... Turin
Sardegna......... Sardinia
Sicilia........... Sicily
Toscana........... Tuscany
Firenze....... Florence
Venice.......... Veneto

Lesson 157 Important Phrases

2010-01-04T04:14:00.000-08:00

Lezione 157 Frasi Importante
Non ne posso più!........ I can't take it anymore!
Lasciamo perdere!............ Forget about it!
Che bello!.......... How nice!
Per forza!............. No wonder!
Non è così semplice!............. It's not that easy!
Ti pelano!........... They make you pay too much!
Non vedo l'ora di............. I can't wait to...
Che senso ha?.......... What's the point?
Non ne voglio proprio sapere!............. I really don't want to know about it!
Fai bene!.......... Good for you!
Non ce la faccio da sola!............ I can't do it by myself!
Meglio ancora!.......... Even better!

Lesson 156 Planets

2010-01-03T04:14:00.000-08:00

Lezione 156 pianeti
Mercury.......... Mercurio
Venus........... Venere
Earth........... Terra
Mars........... Marte
Jupiter........... Giove
Saturn............ Saturno
Uranus........... Uranio
Neptune........... Nettuno
Pluto............. Plutone

Lesson 155 Geography

2010-01-02T04:13:00.000-08:00

Lezione 155 Geografia
North Pole…..il Polo Nord
South Pole…….il Polo Sud
Northern Hemisphere……..l'emisfero settentrionale
Soutern Hemisphere……..l'emisfero meridionale
Arctic Circle………il circolo polare artico
Equator………..l'equatore (m)
Arctic Ocean……..l'Oceano Artico
Atlantic Ocean………..l'Oceano Atlantico
Pacific Ocean………..l'Oceano Pacifico
Indian Ocean……… l'Oceano Indiano
Caribbean Sea………..il Mar dei Caraibi
Mediterranean Sea……….il Mar Mediterraneo
North Sea………il Mare del Nord
Red Sea………..il Mar Rosso
Black Sea………il Mar Nero

Lesson 154 Make up and Dressing Part 2

2010-01-01T04:12:00.000-08:00

Lezione 154 trucco e Condimenti Parte 2
Apron…….il grembiale
Bracelet……… il braccialetto
Sleeve…….. la manica
Slippers………. la pantofola
comb........ il pettine
contact lens.......... le lenti a contatto
handbag...........la borsa
handkerchief.......... il fazzoletto
hat......... il cappello
jacket........... la giacca
necklace............... la collana
needle.......... l'ago
hairspray.......... la lacca
hairdryer............l'asciugacapelli
powder.......... la polvere
perfume........ il profumo
cotton........ il cotone
earrings......... l'orecchino
fashion............ la moda
glove.......... il guanto
purse............ la borsetta
ribbon.......... il nastro
ring........... l'anello
outfit........... il corredo
overcoat.............. il soprabito

Lesson 152 Comparative and Superlative Part 2

2009-12-30T04:02:00.000-08:00

Lezione 152 comparativi e superlativi parte 2

Adverb..... comparative..... relative superlative...... absolute superlative
Bene .............meglio.................. il meglio....................... benissimo
Male............. peggio................. il peggio........................ pessimo
Molto .............più .......................il più........................... moltissimo
Poco ............meno..................... il meno.......................... pochissimo

Lesson 151 Comparative and Superlative

2009-12-29T02:56:00.000-08:00

Lezione 151 comparativi e superlativi
Comparisons are expressed as follows:
più... di / che
meno... di / che
così... come
tanto... quanto more... than
less... than
as... as
as... as
Più and meno can be used with di or che. Di is used when comparing two different things, while che is used when the comparison is between two qualities of the same thing.

Le ciliege sono più buone delle fragole. Cherries are better than strawberries.
La mela è più verde che rossa. The apple is more green than red.

The Relative Superlative compares two or more things and expresses the greatest or the least degree. It is formed by placing the article before the comparative form of the adjective, or in front of the noun. And instead of the preposition in, di (and its contractions), is always used with the superlative.
Le mele sono la frutta meno costosa del mondo. Apples are the least expensive fruit in the world.
L'oro è il più prezioso dei metalli. Gold is the most precious metal.

The Absolute Superlative expresses an extreme degree or absolute state of something without comparison. This can be expressed in several ways in Italian.
Drop the last vowel of the adjective and add -issimo, -issima, -issimi, or -issime.

Lesson 150 At home Part 3

2009-12-28T01:00:00.000-08:00

Lezione 150 A Casa Parte 3

Blinds…….la persiana
Pipe……..la pipa
Radio……..la radio
Record…….il disco
Toaster…..il tostapane
Towel……..la salvietta
vacuum cleaner……..l'aspiratore (m)
vase………il vaso
refrigerator……….il frigorifero
roof……….il tetto
room……….la stanza
rug……….il tappeto
sheet……….il lenzuolo
shelf…….lo scaffale
shovel……..la pala
shower………..la doccia
sideboard………la credenza
sink………l'acquaio
sitting room……….il salotto
smoke……….il fumo
DVD player……….il lettore DVD
Fence………..lo steccato
Attic…..la soffitta
Balcony……il balcone
Basement……….il sottosuolo
Basket……..la cesta
Bathroom……….il bagno
Floor………..il pavimento
Flower……il fiore

Lesson 149 At home Part 2

2009-12-27T00:44:00.000-08:00

Lezione 149 A Casa Parte 2

Hook…….l'uncino
House……..la casa
iron ……….il ferro da stiro
kerosene………il petrolio
light bulb……..la lampadina
living room……….il soggiorno
lock……..la serratura
mailbox ……..la cassetta postale
matches………i fiammiferi
mattress………il materasso
microwave oven………il forno microonde
mirror…….lo specchio
oven……….il fornello
key………..la chiave
kitchen……….la cucina
ladder………la scala
lamp……….la lampada
lawn……….il prato
pantry………..la dispensa
picture………il quadro
pillow……….il cuscino
bed……..il letto
bedroom……….la camera
bell (door)………..il campanello
blanket………..la coperta

Lesson 148 At home

2009-12-26T00:35:00.000-08:00

Lezione 148 A casa

Sofa…….il sofà
Stairs…..la scala
Cigar……….il sigaro
Cigarette……..la sigaretta
Closet……….l'armadio
Study…….lo studio
Switch………..l'interruttore
Steps……..lo scalino
Stove…….la stufa
Ceiling……..il soffito
Chair………..la sedia
Chimney……….il camino
Table………la tavola
Tap (faucet)……..il rubinetto
Telephone……..il telefono
Television……….il televisore
VCR….il videoregistratore
Wall (house)……….il muro
Wall (room)………la parete
Wastebasket……..il cestino
Window …… la finestra
Yard……….il giardinola sveglia
Armchair………..la poltrona
Door………..la porta
Dresser…………il comò / il cassettone

Lesson 147 At a Restaurant Part 2

2009-12-25T00:31:00.000-08:00

Lezione 147 in un ristorante Parte 2
eggs
le uova

salad
l'insalata

(fresh) vegetables
le verdure fresche

(fresh) fruit
la frutta fresca

bread
il pane

noodles
tagliatelle

rice
il riso

beans
i fagioli or fagiolini (similar to beans but different)

May I have a glass of _____?
Posso avere un bicchiere di _____?

May I have a cup of _____?
Posso avere una tazza di _____?

May I have a bottle of _____?
Posso avere una bottiglia di _____?

bubbly water
l'acqua minerale con gas

May I have some _____?
Posso avere del _____? OR Posso avere un po' di ____?

salt
il sale

black pepper
il pepe

butter
il burro

Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server)
Scusi?

I'm finished.
Ho finito.

It was delicious.
É squisito.

Please clear the plates.
Potete pulire il tavolo, per favore.

The check, please.
Il conto, per favore.

Lesson 146 At a Restaurant

2009-12-24T00:28:00.000-08:00

Lezione 146 in un ristorante
table for one person/two people, please.
Un tavolo per uno/due, per favore.

Can I look at the menu, please?
Posso vedere il menù, per favore?

Can I look in the kitchen?
Posso dare un occhiata in cucina?

Is there a house specialty?
Vi è una specialità della casa?

Is there a local specialty?
È una specialità locale?

I'm a vegetarian.
Sono vegetariano/a.

I don't eat pork.
Non mangio il maiale.

I don't eat beef.
Non mangio il manzo.

Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard)
Potete farlo leggero, per favore? OR Potete farlo con pochi grassi? (with little fat) OR Potete farlo con poco olio? (with little oil)

fixed-price meal
pranzo a prezzo fisso

breakfast
la prima colazione

lunch
il pranzo

tea
tè

supper
la cena

I would like _____.
Vorrei _____.

I would like a dish containing _____.
Vorrei un piatto con _____.

sausage
salsiccia

cheese
il formaggio

Lesson 145 Use of Imperative Mood

2009-12-23T00:25:00.000-08:00

Lezione 145 uso del modo imperativo
Very often general commands are expressed by the infinitive, e.g.:
1. Tirare = Pull
2. Spingere = Push
Remember that pronouns get attached to the end of the imperative to form one word, e.g.
1. Ripetilo, per favore. = Repeat it, please.
2. Leggimelo = Read me it.
With imperatives of only one syllable, like da', fa', sta', di', the first consonant of the pronoun is doubled (but not with "gli"), e.g.
1. Dimmi! = Tell me!
2. Stacci = Stay there
3. Dammelo! = Give me it!
4. Diglielo = Tell it to him!
However, with the formal imperative, pronouns go in front of it, e.g.:
1. Mi dica! = Tell me.
2. S'accomodi! = Have a seat.

NEGATIVE COMMANDS: "DON'T EAT IN THE CORRIDORS" "NO SMOKING"
Negative commands are usually expressed in Italian with non followed by the infinitive verb.For example:
1. Don't eat in the corridors! = Non mangiare nei corridoi!
2. No smoking! = Non fumare!
3. Don't throw things out of the window = Non gettare oggetti dalla finestra.
However, if you want to direct a negative commands to more than one person, use the normal imperative preceded by non, e.g.:
1. Don't run, boys! = Non correte, ragazzi!
2. Don't eat too much, gentelmen! = Non mangiate troppo, signori!
Finally, if you want the negative command using the more formal imperative, simply put non in front of it, e.g.:
1. Don't drink it! = Non lo beva!
2. Don't give it to him! = Non glielo dia!

Lesson 144 The Imperative Mood Part 2

2009-12-22T00:17:00.000-08:00

Lezione 144 il modo imperativo Parte 2

A few verbs have an irregular formation:
……….andare……dare ………fare……stare……..dire
Sing…….va'……….da'………...fa'……..sta'……….di'
plur……andate……date………fate……state………dite

lesson 143 The imperative mood

2009-12-21T00:15:00.000-08:00

Lezione 143 Il modo imperativo

The informal way:
………….parlare……..ripetere……..aprire…….finire
sing………parla……….ripeti………..apri……..finisci
plur……...parlate…….ripetete………aprite…….finite

Formal or polite way:
………….parlare……ripetere….…aprire…….finire
sing………parli……...ripeta…….…apra…….finisca
plur……..parlino……ripetano……aprano…..finiscano

Lesson 142 Collective Numerals

2009-12-20T06:17:00.000-08:00

Lezione 142 Numeri Collective
12 roses (12, an exact number)…….una dozzina di rose (an approximation, around 12)
venti (twenty)………..una ventina (around twenty)
cinquanta (fifty)……………una cinquantina (around fifty)

Lesson 141 In a market Part 2

2009-12-19T06:14:00.000-08:00

Lezione 141 In una mercato parte 2

Do you ship (overseas)? ........Potete spedirlo (all'estero)?
I need... ....Ho bisogno di
toothpaste........dentifricio.
a toothbrush............uno spazzolino.

soap............sapone.
pain reliever.......aspirina
a razor.............un rasoio.
an umbrella...........un ombrello.
sunblock lotion........lozione/crema contro il sole.
a postcard..............una cartolina.

postage stamps..........francobolli.
batteries..............batterie.

writing paper..............carta.
a pen..........una penna.
English-language books............libri in inglese.
English-language magazines.............riviste in inglese.
an English-language newspaper.............un giornale in inglese.
an English-Italian dictionary...............un dizionario Inglese-Italiano.

Lesson 140 In A Market

2009-12-18T06:13:00.000-08:00

Lezione 140 In un mercato
Do you have this in my size?
Avete questo nella mia taglia?

How much is this?
Quanto costa questo?

That's too expensive.
È troppo caro/a.

Would you take _____?
Prendereste _____?

expensiv
caro

cheap
economico

I am looking for something cheaper.
Cerco qualcosa di più economico.

I don't want it.
Non lo voglio.

You're cheating me.
Mi state imbrogliando.

I'm not interested.
Non son interessato.

OK, I'll take i
Va bene, lo prendo.

Can I have a bag?
Posso avere una borsa?

Lesson 139 Common Suffixes

2009-12-17T06:09:00.000-08:00

Lezione 139 suffissi comuni

-zione...….-tion…..…. operazione (operation)
-tore……. -man…..…. pescatore (fisherman)
-ia……. -y...............… gloria (glory)
-ibile….. -ible…....…. incredibile (incredible)
-ismo…. -ism…....…. feminismo (feminism)
-ista…. -ist….....…. socialista (socialist)
-ice….. -ess…...….. .actrice (actress)
-ore….. -or…......... venditore (vendor)
-orio….. -ory….....… migratorio (migratory)

Lesson 138 Common Prefixes

2009-12-16T06:08:00.000-08:00

Lezione 138 prefissi comuni

Ante…….before………antefatto……….antecedents
Con…….with……….condividere……to divide between
Contra…..against…….contrattacco……..counterattack
de/di…….from……….deviareto………... deviate
in…..in, as a negative…inesperto………….inexpert
in….in, used in forming verbs……infiammare……..to inflame
pre…….before………preavviso………..forewarning
a/ab…from/out of…….abrogazione……….abrogation
bi/bis….twice……….…bisnonno………..great-grandfather
pro…….forward…….proporreto ………….put forward
semi…….half………..semicerchio………..semicircle
anti……against……..anticomunista……..anti communist

Lesson 137 Use of Subjunctive Mood

2009-12-15T06:07:00.000-08:00

Lezione 137 uso del congiuntivo modo

USE IT after the conjunction “prima che”
I'll leave before your parents come back home.
Partirò prima che i tuoi genitori tornino a casa.
The house had been burning for half an hour before the firemen arrived.
La casa brucciava da una mezz'ora prima che i pompieri arrivassero.

USE IT after the conjunction “senza che”
The boys used to smoke without their parents being aware of it.
I ragazzi fumavano senza che i loro genitori se ne accorgessero.
I can't do anything without my family knowing about it.
Non posso fare niente senza che la mia famiglia lo sappia.
USE IT if the subjects in the two clauses are the same
I didn't want to come back without buying some presents.
Non volevo tornare senza comprare qualche regalo.
Breakfast is important. It's not a good idea to leave home without having something to eat.
La colazione è importante. Non è una buona idea uscire di casa senza mangiare qualcosa.

USE IT with the structure“non vedo l'ora che”to translate “I can't wait; I am looking forward to” if the subjects of the two clauses are different, e.g.:
1. I can't wait for the holidays to arrive.
= Non vedo l'ora che le vacanze arrivino.
2. I couldn't wait for the phone to ring.
= Non vedevo l'ora che il telefono squillasse.

Lesson 136 The Subjunctive Mood Part 3

2009-12-14T05:17:00.000-08:00

PRESENT TENSE..................... IMPERFECT TENSE
Essere………..avere ………..……essere……………. avere
Sia…….. .......abbia ......................fossi ..................avessi
sia................ abbia.......................fossi.................. avessi
sia................ abbia.................... ..fosse................. avesse
siamo........ abbiamo................ .fossimo............ avessimo
siate.......... abbiate.................... foste.................. aveste
siano......... abbiano.................. fossero................ avessero

Use of subjunctive mood

It is used after impersonal verbs
bisogna che …….. it is necessary that
occorre che….. ... it is necessary that
sembra che…. ... it seems that
pare che ........ it seems that
è facile/difficile che ….... it is easy/difficult
è possibile/impossibile che ….... it is possible/impossible that

after verbs expressing hope, want, expect, prefer, fear, think, e.g.
I hope that you understand all this = Spero che tu capisca tutto questo.
The boss wanted us all to work hard = Il padrone voleva che lavorassimo sodo.

I thought Angelina was very sweet = Pensavo che Angelina fosse molto simpatica.

Clauses introduced by following conjunctions
benché.......... although
sebbene.............. although
purché.............. provided that
a condizione che........... ... on condition that ...
nel caso che ... .....in case

For example:
We enjoyed ourselves although the weather was terrible

Ci siamo divertiti benché il tempo fosse terribile

I'll take an umbrella in case it rains.
Porterò un ombrello nel caso che piova.

USE IT to express purpose after the following conjunctions
affinché in order that .......... so that
perché in order that ........... so that
cosicché in order that ......... so that
in modo che in order that ....... so that

For example:

We hired bikes so that the children could go into the countryside.
Abbiamo noleggiato delle biciclette affinché i bambini vadano in campagna.

Let's wait a little for the wine to get cooler.

Aspettiamo un po' cosicche il vino sia più freddo.

Lesson 135 Subjunctive Mood Part 2

2009-12-13T03:27:00.000-08:00

Lezione 135 Il Modo Congiuntivo parte 2

IMPERFECT TENSE

parlare
I was speaking….. parlassi
You were speaking parlassi
He/she was speaking parlasse
We were speaking parlassimo
You were speaking (to a group).parlaste
They were speaking…..parlassero

vedere
I was seeingvedessi
You were seeing vedessi
He/she was seeing vedesse
We were seeing vedessimo
You were speaking (to a group)vedeste
They were speaking vedessero

capire
I was understanding….. capissi
You were understanding….. capissi
He/she was understanding…… capisse
We were understanding…..capissimo
You were understanding….. capiste
They were understanding….. capissero

Lesson 134 The Subjunctive Mood

2009-12-12T01:39:00.000-08:00

Lezione 134 Il Modo Congiuntivo

Tempo Presente
parlare
I speak…….. parli
You speak………. parli
He/she speaks……. parli
We speak…….. parliamo
You speak (to a group)…….parliate
They speak…….. parlino

vedere
I see……… veda
You see…….veda
He/she sees….…veda
We see……. vediamo
You see(to a group)…..…vediate
They see……. vedano

dormire
I sleep…….dorma
You sleep…....dorma
He/she sleeps…….. dorma
We sleep…….. dormiamo
You sleep(to a group)…….. dormiate
They sleep…….. dormano

capire
I understand…….. capisca
You understand…….. capisca
He/she understands……..capisca
We understand……. capiamo
You understand(to a group)………. capiate
They understand……...capiscano

Lesson 133 Impersonal Verbs

2009-12-11T00:17:00.000-08:00

Lezione 133 verbi impersonali

These verbs only exist in the third person; there are three groups:
Verbs referring to the weather:

1. piove = it is raining
2. nevica = it is snowing

Impersonal expressions like “it is easy to ...”, “ it is likely that ...”, e.g.
1. è facile (+ infinitive) = it's easy to ...
2. è difficile (+ infinitive) = it's difficult to ...

Certain verbs expressing need, necessity etc. e.g.
Bisogna……..it's necessary
Occorre……….it's necessary
Pare………it seems
Sembra……….it seems
Succeed……….it happens
Accade………it happens
Importa……….it's important; it matters
Basta…………it is enough

The construction uses si + 3rd person of the verb. The construction is called si impersonale.
1. Si lavora per guadagnare soldi.
People work to earn money.
2. Non si può pagare con una carta di credito.
You can't pay by credit card.
3. Come si dice awkward in italian?
How do you say awkward in Italian.

Lesson 132 Punctuation differences:

2009-12-10T00:14:00.000-08:00

Lezione 132 punteggiatura differenze

Periods in abbreviations :

Sig. Signor (Mr.)
Sig.ra Signora (Mrs.)
Sig.na Signorina (Miss)
Spett.le Spettabile (respectable)
All. allegato (enclosures)
v. vedi (see)

Comma in expressions of time:
In Italian, expressions of time are written with a comma instead of a colon:
8,30 di mattina 8:30 a.m.
10, 45 di sera 10:45 p.m.
11,15 di notte 11:15 p.m.

Quotation marks (le virgolette):
enclose the direct quotation, that is the repetition of someone's exact words. Frequently in Italian they appear in this manner: << >>

Lesson 131 Remote Past tense Part 2

2009-12-09T00:11:00.000-08:00

Lezione 131 Passato Remoto parte 2
Ricevere:
I received……ricevei (ricevetti)
You received……..ricevesti
He/she received…….ricevé (ricevette)
We received……ricevemmo
You received (to a group)…….riceveste
They received………riceverono (ricevettero)

Capire:
I understood……..capii
You understood…..….capisti
He/she understood……….. capí
We understood……….capimmo
You understood……….capiste
They understood…….capirono

Lesson 130 Remote Past tense

2009-12-08T00:08:00.000-08:00

Lezione 130 Passato Remoto
Conjugation of parlare
I spoke……parlai
You spoke……parlasti
He/she spoke…….parlò
We spoke………parlammo
You spoke (to a group)parlaste
They spoke……..parlarono

Lesson 129 Gerund

2009-12-07T23:57:00.000-08:00

Lezione 129 Gerundio

Infinitive……meaning………gerundio…………meaning
parlare ………to speak………parlando ………..speaking
vedere………. to see………….vedendo …………seeing
dormire …......to sleep ……….dormendo ……….sleeping
Sandra fell while skiing = Sandra è caduta sciando
Examples:
I am thinking = sto pensando.
She is crying = sta piangendo.
They were waiting = stavano aspettando.
We were watching TV = stavamo guardando la TV.

Lesson 128 Subordinate Conjunctions

2009-12-06T23:39:00.000-08:00

Lezione 128 congiunzioni subordinate

perchè……….. because
quando……… when
mentre………. while
appena che………. as soon as
una volta che………. once
come……. as
se………. if
sebbene………. although
a condizione che……… at the condition that
a meno che………. unless
dopo che………. after that
before that……… prima che
fino a che………. until

Non lo vide dopo che lui ebbe lasciato la città
She never saw him after he left the town.

Prese la multa perchè guidava troppo veloce.
He got a ticket because he was speeding

Una volta che hai lavato lâauto asciugala bene.
Once you have washed the car, dry it very well.

Si ammalò gravemente da quando ebbe l'incidente.
She became very ill, since she had her accident.

Lesson 127 Use Of Past Conditional

2009-12-05T23:35:00.000-08:00

Lezione 127 Uso del passato condizionale

Past intentions that cannot be fulfilled
I would have booked the hotel last week; now it's too late.
Avrei prenotato l'albergo la settimana scorsa; adesso è troppo tardi.

Maria would have come to the party but she is ill.
Maria sarebbe venuta alla festa ma sta male.

To express the past in the future

She said yesterday that she would come.
Lei ha detto ieri che sarebbe venuta.

I knew that it would be difficult.
Ho saputo che sarebbe stato difficile.

Example

You should go to the doctor's; you should have gone yesterday
Dovresti andare dal medico; avresti dovuto andare ieri.
Giorgio would have liked to accompany you.
Giorgio avrebbe voluto accompagnarti.

Lesson 126 Past Conditional Part 2

2009-12-04T21:59:00.000-08:00

Lezione 126 Il Condizionale Passato Parte 2

arrivare
I would have arrived…..sarei arrivato/a
You would have arrived…..saresti arrivato/a
He/she would have arrived…..sarebbe arrivato/a
We would have arrived……saremmo arrivati/e
You would have arrived (to a group)……sareste arrivati/e
They would have arrived….lsarebbero arrivati/e

vestirsi
I would have dressed my self…..mi sarei vestito/a
You would have dressed yourself……ti saresti vestito/a
He/she would have dressed himself/herself …..si sarebbe vestito/a
We would have dressed ourselves……ci saremmo vestiti/e
You would have dressed yourselves……..vi sareste vestiti/e
They would have dressed themselves……si sarebbero vestiti/e

Lesson 125 The Past Conditional

2009-12-03T21:43:00.000-08:00

Lezione 125 Il Condizionale Passato

parlare
I would have spoken……avrei parlato
You would have spoken…….avresti parlato
He/she would have spoken…..avrebbe parlato
We would have spoken…….avremmo parlato
You would have spoken (to a group)…….avreste parlato
They would have spoken……..avrebbero parlato

finire
I would have finished…….avrei finito
You would have finished…..avresti finito
He/she would have finished……avrebbe finito
We would have finished……avremmo finito
You would have finished (to a group)…….avreste finito
They would have finished……avrebbero finito

Lesson 124 Adverbial Clauses

2009-12-02T21:28:00.000-08:00

Lezione 124 Clausole avverbiale

The following conjunctions introduce an adverbial clause:
Quando……. when
mentre ……… while
dal momento che……. since
prima che…….. before
dopo che…….. after
fino a che…….. until
appena che……. as soon as
Quando piove, non mi piace guidare……… When it rains, I don't like to drive.
Mentre camminavo nel parco, vidi dei bambini litigare………. While I was walking in the park, I saw children fighting.
Lavatevi le mani, prima che vi mettiate a tavola……… Wash your hands before you sit down for dinner.
Dopo che ebbe finito i compiti, andò a letto………. After she finished her homework she went to bed

The clause of cause and effect
perchè, perciò, onde per cui……..because
come…… as
fintanto che…….. as long as
in quanto che, per il fatto che, dal momento che,………… since
siccome, ora che……. now that
Non esco perchè sono stanco………. I'm not going out because I'm tired.
Dal momento che il tempo era così brutto, decidemmo di non uscire……………. Since the weather was so bad, we decided not to go out.

Lesson 123 Conjunctions

2009-12-01T10:47:00.000-08:00

Lezione 123 Congiunzioni

Scivolò e cadde sul pavimento. (He slipped and fell on the floor.)
Si muoveva velocemente ma silenziosamente. (He moved quickly but quietly.)
Ieri sera andò a casa e trovò le finestre rotte. (She went home last night and found the windows broken.) E joins two clauses.

Some important conjunctions
entrambi • e (both• and..)
non solo• ma anche• (not only.. but also•)
sia • che• (either•or•)
nè • nè•. (neither•nor•)
serve to intensify the coordination.

Entrambi Maria e io andremo alla festa. (Both Maria and I will go to the party.)
Non solo diede regali a tutti noi, ma anche ci invitò alla festa. (She not only gave all of us presents, but she also invited us to the party.)
Sia mio marito che io possiamo portarti a casa. (Either my husband or I can drive you home.)
If only two elements (two words, two phrases, two clauses) are joined by a coordinate conjunction, no comma is needed before the conjunction:
Il dottore gli disse di non fumare o bere. (The doctor told him not to smoke or drink.)
If three or more units are joined, commas separate them:
Uomini, donne, e bambini sono benvenuti. (Men, women, and children are welcome.)

Lesson 122 Pronominal and Adverbial Particles

2009-11-30T10:45:00.000-08:00

Lezione 122 particelle pronominali e avverbiali

Pronominal particle

"Non ne ho bisogno" .
"Ci penso" I'm thinking about it

Adverbial particle

"Ne siamo appena tornati" We've just come back from there
"Ci vado" I'm going there

"Ci" and "vi" change to "ce" and "ve" in front of "lo," "la," "li," "le"

Lesson 121 vehicles part 2

2009-11-29T10:42:00.000-08:00

Lezione di 121 veicoli, parte 2

How much is a ticket to _____?
Quanto costa un biglietto per _____?
One ticket to _____, please.
Un biglietto per _____, per favore.
Where does this train/bus go?
Dove va questo treno / quest'autobus?
Where is the train/bus to _____?
Dov'è il treno/l'autobus per _____?
Does this train/bus stop in _____?
Questo treno/quest'autobus si ferma in _____?
When does the train/bus for _____ leave?
Quando parte il treno/l'autobus per _____?
When will this train/bus arrive in _____?
Quando arriva a _____ questo treno/quest'autobus?
Taxi!
Taxi!
Take me to _____, please.
Portatemi a _____, per favore.
How much does it cost to get to _____?
Quanto costa andare a _____?

Lesson 120 vehicles

2009-11-28T10:39:00.000-08:00

Lezione di 120 veicoli
Car........ macchina
Bus………. autobus
Aeroplane…………… aeroplano
Helicopter…….. Elicottero
Boat……….. Barca
Truck………….. Autocarro camion
Bicycle………… Bicicletta
Motorcycle……… Motociciletta
train….treno
ship……….nave
on foot……..piedi

Lesson 119 Indefinite Pronouns

2009-11-27T10:36:00.000-08:00

Lezione 119 pronomi indefiniti

Poco fa qualcuno ha bussato alla porta……..Not too long ago somebody knocked at the door
A nessuno è permesso di parcheggiare lâauto in quella strada……Nobody is permitted to park the car on that street
Chiunque può farlo…………Anybody can do it
Tutto è possibile in questa situazione………Everything is possible in this situation
Se ti regalano molti libri ricordati che ne vorrei alcuni anchâio………If they donate many books to you, remember that I would like some too
Tutti applaudirono……….All of them clapped their hands.

poco…….little
alquanto……… pretty much
tanto…….. much
altrettanto…….. as much
molto……. much
troppo…….. too much
tutto…...all
altro…….. other
vario…….. various
tale………. such

Examples:
Ho bisogno di molti soldi………..I need a lot of money
Quanto costano questi bicchieri? Me ne servono molti………..How much are these cups? I need many of them.
Ho pochi soldi……… I have little money
Devo controllare quanti soldi ho. Ne ho pochi………….. I need to check how much money I've got. I don't have much
Non mi è piaciuto nessun vestito tra quelli che ho visto………...I didn't like any of those dresses that I saw
Sì, ho visto I vestiti, ma non mi è piaciuto nessuno………..Yes, I saw the dresses, but I didnât like any of them

Negative Pronouns:
nessuno ……….. nobody, none
alcuno …….. none

Lesson 118 Relative Pronouns

2009-11-26T03:24:00.000-08:00

Lezione 118 pronomi relativi

1)The most common relative pronouns are:
che or il quale……… who, which, that,
L'uomo che hai visto è italiano…………..The man you saw is Italian

2) quel che quello che……….what

Quel che ha fatto non m'interessa…… What she did doesn't interest me
Fa ciò che vuole……….She does what she wants

3) chi……….. the one who/whom
Chi ride vince……….He who laughs wins

Lessob 117 Future perfecto part 3

2009-11-25T07:42:00.000-08:00

Lezione 117 Futuro anteriore parte 3

Essere
I will have been……….io sarò stato
You will have been……….tu sarai stato
He/she will have been…………lui/lei/Lei sarà stato
We will have been…………noi saremo stati
You will have been (to a group)……..voi sarete stati
They will have been……….loro/Loro saranno stati

Avere
I will have had…………io avrò avuto
You will have had…………tu avrai avuto
He/she will have had…………lui/lei/Lei avrà avuto
We will have had………….noi avremo avuto
You will have had (to a group)………voi avrete avuto
They will have had………loro/Loro avranno avuto

Lesson 116 Future pefect part 2

2009-11-24T07:37:00.000-08:00

Lezione 116 future perfect parte 2
Credere
I will have believed……….avrò creduto
You will have believed……….avrai creduto
He/she will have believed…………avrà creduto
We will have believed………..avremo creduto
You will have believed (to a group)………..avrete creduto
They will have believed……….avranno creduto

partire
I will have gone……..sarò partito
You will have gone…………sarai partito
He/she will have gone………..sarà partito
We will have gone………..saremo partiti
You will have gone (to a group)……….sarete partiti
They will have gone……….saranno partiti

Lesson 115 Future perfect

2009-11-23T07:26:00.000-08:00

Lezione 115 Futuro anteriore
Alle sette avremo già mangiato.......... By seven we'll already have eaten

I will have eaten……… avrò mangiato
You will have eaten……… avrai mangiato
He/she will have eaten………. avrà mangiato
we will have eaten…………. avremo mangiato
you will have eaten(to a group)………. avrete mangiato
they will have eaten………. avranno mangiato

Lesson 114 use of indirect object pronoun

2009-11-22T07:21:00.000-08:00

Lezione 114 uso del pronome oggetto indiretto
With the exception of "loro," pronouns regularly precede the conjugated verb, but they are attached to infinitives (which drop the final "-e"), participles and familiar commands:
"Sono venuto per vederlo" I have come to see it;
"Sto chiamandolo" I am calling him;
"Ascoltami" Listen to me!.
Examples

"averti chiamato" .
Before "lo," "la," "li," "le," and "ne," the indirect object pronouns change their form as follows:

mi --> me: "Giovanni me lo diede" John gave it to me
ti --> te: "Te lo ho comprato" I bought it for you
ci --> ce: "Ce lo dà" He gives it to us
vi --> ve: "Ve l'ho detto ieri" I said it to you yesterday
gli--> glie: "Glieli manderò" I'll send them to him
gli --> glie: "Glielo dicono" They say it to her

Lesson 113 indirect object pronouns

2009-11-21T07:17:00.000-08:00

Lezione 113 pronomi oggetto

Examples:
"Ti ho visto ieri" ..….I saw you yesterday
"gli ho dato il mio numero di telefono" ……..I gave him my phone number

Singular indirect
mi ….....to me
ti ……..to you familiar
Le ……..to you polite
gli ……..to him/to it
le ………to her/to it

Plural Indirect
ci………. to us
vi……… to you familiar
Loro……… to you polite masculine
Loro……. to you polite feminine
loro…….. to them masculine
loro……. to them feminine

Lesson 112 use of possessives

2009-11-20T01:35:00.000-08:00

Lezione 112 uso di possessivi

the possessive adjective "il mio" means "my,"
the possessive pronoun "il mio" means "mine"
"le tue scarpe e le mie" your shoes and mine
It is important to note that possessives agree in gender and number with the thing possessed, rather than with the possessor
For example:

"i miei amici" my friends
"la loro automobile" their car
When referring to articles of clothing and parts of the body, the definite article is regularly used instead of the possessive adjective:
"le scarpe" her shoes; "la testa" his head

Lesson 111 feminine possessives

2009-11-19T01:28:00.000-08:00

Lezione 111 femminile possessivi

SINGULAR.......PLURAL........ MEANINGS

la mia................ le mie…........…..my
la tua................. le tue..............your (familiar)
la sua................ le sue ................his,her or your (polite)
la nostra ..........le nostre............ our
la vostra ..........le vostre.............. your (familiar)
la loro............... le loro............... their,theirs or your (polite)

Lesson 110 Masculine Possessives

2009-11-18T01:20:00.000-08:00

Lezione 110 Possessivi Maschile

SINGULAR…….PLURAL…………..…MEANINGS
il mio……………..i miei……………….…..my
il tuo……………….i tuoi…………..….your (familiar)
il suo……………….i suoi…………...his,her or your (polite)
il nostro…………..i nostri…………..……..our
il vostro……………i vostri……….…..your (familiar)
il loro………………i loro….. …….their,theirs or your (polite)

Lesson 109 noun adjective suffixes

2009-11-17T00:57:00.000-08:00

Lezione 109 sostantivo aggettivo suffissi

-aggine (-ness)……. stupido --> stupidaggine (foolishness or a foolish act)
-anza/enza….. (makes abstract)……vedova --> vedovanza (widowhood),
cabrare (to zoom)………..cabrata (zooming or aerobatics)
-ere/ore (one who does)………. banco --> banchiere (banker)
-eria (place where)………… libro --> libreria (bookstore)
-ero (changes noun to adjective)……….. guerra -->guerriero (warlike)
-eto/-eta (grove/orchard)………… pina --> pineta (pine grove/forest)
-ia (arts or sciences) (makes abstract)…………..geologia (geology) …….maestro --> maestria (masterliness/mastery)
-iccio (-ish)………….rosso --> rossicio (reddish one or reddish as an adjective)
-oso (characterized by)………. rocco --> roccoso (rocky)
-uta (adjective-forming) ………barba --> barbuta (bearded)

Lesson 108 Pejoratives

2009-11-16T23:41:00.000-08:00

Lezione 108 peggiorativi

-accio.……… ragazzo --> ragazzaccio (bad boy)
-astro……….. poeta --> poetastro (a terrible poet)
-ucolo…….. maestro --> maestrucolo (bad teacher)
-accione……… uomo --> omaccione (ugly man)

Lesson 107 Augmentatives

2009-11-15T23:30:00.000-08:00

Lezione 107 Augmentatives

-one……. naso --> nasone (big nose -- or a person who has one)
-one……. libro --> librone (big book)

-one…… la donna --> la donnone (big woman)
-one…… la febbre --> la febbrone (high fever )
-one…… la stanza --> la stanzone (room large room)

Lesson 106 diminutives

2009-11-14T22:10:00.000-08:00

Lezione 106 diminutivi

-ino….. uccello --> uccellino (little bird)
-icino….. cuore --> cuoricino (little heart)
-etto…… giovane --> giovanetto (little young man)
-ello…… fontana --> fontanella (little fountain)
-olino……. radio --> radiolina (little radio)
-uzza…… via --> viuzza (little street)

-uccio…….. casa --> casuccia (small, ugly house)
-etto podere --> poderetto (worthless, little farm)

-ino……. camera --> camerino (room --> changing room)
-ino…….. coda --> codino (tail--> pigtail)

Lesson 105 Special Ocassions

2009-11-13T22:01:00.000-08:00

Lezione 105 Occasioni Speciali

Congratulazioni! / Felicitazioni!......... Congratulations!
Buona fortuna!........ Good Luck!
Buon appetito!........... Enjoy the meal!
Stai (stia) attento!......... Take Care!
Buona giornata!......... Have a nice day!
Buon Anno!........ Happy New Year!
Buona Pasqua!........ Happy Easter!
Buon compleanno!....... Happy Birthday!
Buon Natale!....... Merry Christmas!
Buone feste!........... Happy Holidays!
Buona vacanza!......... Have a good vacation!
Buon divertimento!.......... Have a good time!
Buon viaggio!.......... Have a good trip!
Tanti auguri!....... Best wishes!

Lesson 104 noncount nouns

2009-11-12T05:30:00.000-08:00

Lezione 104 Noncount sostantivi
il riso….rice
il grano……grain
la farina……….flour
lo zucchero……..sugar
la sabbia………sand
la bellezza……….beauty
l'educazione………education
la salute………health
l'aiuto………help
la violenza……..violence
il calico………soccer
il baseball……….baseball
il football……..football
il poker………..poker
il tempo …….weather
la nebbia………fog
la pioggia…….rain
la neve……..snow
la luce…….light
il vento………. wind

Lesson 103 Noncount nouns

2009-11-11T05:26:00.000-08:00

Lezione 103 Noncount sostantivi

il cibo ……food
la posta…..mail
la roba……..stuff
la spazzatura………garbage
il caffè………coffee
il tè………tea
il latte……..milk
l'olio………..oil
la benzina ………gas
l'aceto………vinegar
il ghiaccio……..ice
il burro…..butter
il formaggio……cheese
la carne…….meat
il legno……wood
il sale…….salt
il pane (bread)
l'aria……air
l'ossigeno……oxygen

Lesson 102 pluperfect tense part 3

2009-11-10T05:19:00.000-08:00

Lezione 102 trapassato prossimo parte 3
partire
ero partito/a……….. I had gone
eri partito/a…………. you had gone
era partito/a………… he/she had gone
eravamo partiti/e…………… we had gone
eravate partiti/e……….. you had gone
erano partiti/e……………. they had gone

Lesson 101 Pluperfect tense part 2

2009-11-09T05:16:00.000-08:00

Lezione 101 Trapassato prossimo parte 2
vedere

avevo visto………… I had seen
avevi visto…………… you had seen
aveva visto………… he/she had seen
avevamo visto……….. we had seen
avevate visto…………… you had seen
avevano visto………….. they had seen

Lesson 100 The Pluperfect Tense

2009-11-08T05:11:00.000-08:00

Lezione 100 Il Trapassato Prossimo
Examples:
I looked for my friend but he had already left.
Ho cercato il mio amico ma lui era già partito.
My sister gave me a present of a book which I had read years ago.
Mia sorella mi ha regalato un libro che avevo letto anni fa.

Fare…. To do
avevo fatto……….. I had done
avevi fatto…………. you had done
aveva fatto………… he/she had done
avevamo fatto………. we had done
avevate fatto…………. you had done
avevano fatto……… they had done

Lesson 99 prepositions part 3

2009-11-07T04:37:00.000-08:00

Lezione 99 preposizioni, parte 3

Davanti…. Avanti…….. innanzi…………. in front of
dietro…….. behind
dentro ………. inside
oltre……. further
presso…….. by
fuori……….. outside
sopra……….. over
sotto…….. under
su……….. on
accanto ……….. near by
attorno……… around
intorno………… around
prima………. before
dopo…………. after
lungo…………. along
secondo……… in accordance with
vicino ……….. near, close by
Examples:
Vai fuori!....... Go out!(adverb)
Starò fuori città per qualche giorno. ……I will be out of town for a few days. (preposition)
Tu stai dietro. ……….You stay behind.(adverb)
Lâaltro è dietro la casa………. The other is behind the house (preposition)

Lesson 98 prepositions part 2

2009-11-06T04:29:00.000-08:00

Lezione 98 preposizioni parte
Examples:
al ristorante (to the restaurant)
Metti il libro sul tavolo. (Put the book on the table.)
Metti il libro nellâarmadio. (Put the book in the closet.)
ARTICLE
PREPOSITION......IL...........LO..............L'.............LA .............I............GLI...............LE
........A ....................AL .........ALLO .........ALL' .........ALLA......AI .........AGLI .............ALLE
........DI..................DEL .......DELLO......DELL'......DELLA ......DEI....DEGLI...........DELLE
........DA .................DAL .......DALLO......DALL' ......DALLA ......DAI .......DAGLI ........DALLE
........IN .................NEL .......NELLO .......NELL'.....NELLA .....NEI.......NEGLI.........NELLE
.......SU ..................SUL ........SULLO ......SULL' .......SULLA .....SUI....... SUGLI........... SULLE the combination of prepostion CON with aritcles is not used commonly now, so it is not important

Lesson 97 Simple Prepositions

2009-11-05T04:26:00.000-08:00

Lezione 97 preposizioni semplici

In Italian the basic or simple prepositions, are:
di………. of
a……….. at, to
da………. from
in………… in
con ………. with
su……… on
per……… for
tra………. among, between
fra…….. among, between
sotto……. under
sopra……..over
Scrivo a Piero…….I'm writing to Piero
Poco lontano da qui, câè un ristorante………..Not too far from here, there is a restaurant
Carlo è tra quella folla…………….Carlo is among that crowd

Lesson 96 Important interjections

2009-11-04T00:20:00.000-08:00

Lezione 96 Importante interiezioni:

Suvvia…….. alas
aiuto………help
hey………..hey
oh……….wow
ahi………ouch
bontà mia………..My goodness

Lesson 95 use of present conditional

2009-11-03T23:00:00.000-08:00

Lezione 95 uso del condizionale presente

It can be used to express wishes, hopes. for example
I would enjoy spending a year abroad.
Mi piacerebbe passare un anno all'estero.

It can be used to request. For example:
I would like an ice-cream
vorrei un gelato.

For showing doubts
I don't think that he would earn much money.
Non penso che guadagnerebbe molti soldi.

Personal opinions, as
I would say that it should be possible to do it
direi che dovrebbe essere possibile farlo.

to repeat rumours :
According to press, they will probably get divorced:
Secondo la stampa, si divorzierebbero.

Lesson 94 present conditional-irregular verbs

2009-11-02T22:58:00.000-08:00

Lezione 93 condizionale presente-verbi irregolari

andare
I would go……andrei
You would go……andresti
He/she would go………..andrebbe
We would go……andremmo
You would (to a group)…………andreste
They would go……andrebbero

dare
I would give…..darei
You would give…….daresti
He/she would give…….darebbe
We would go…….daremmo
You would go (to a group)…….dareste
They would go……..darebbero

Lesson 93 present conditional

2009-11-01T22:41:00.000-08:00

Lezione 93 condizionale presente

scrivere
I would write…….scriverei
You would write……scriveresti
He/she would write……scriverebbe
We would write……scriveremmo
You would write (to a group)………. scrivereste
They would write…….scriverebbero

partire
I would leave………partirei
You would leave……… partiresti
He/she would leave………partirebbe
We would leave………….partiremmo
You would leave (to a group)…………partireste
They would leave……..partirebbero

Lesson 92 Present Conditional

2009-10-31T22:38:00.000-07:00

Lezione 92 condizionale presente

The endings added to the verbs are
-ei = I would ...
-esti = you would ...
-ebbe = he/she would...
-emmo = we would...
-este = you would ...
-ebbero = they would...

The conjugation of the verbs parlare is

parlare –to speak
I would speak……..parlerei
You would speak……..parleresti
He/she would speak……..parlerebbe
We would speak……….parleremmo
You would speak (to a group)…….parlereste
They would go……..parlerebbero

Lesson 91 verb -to go part 2

2009-10-30T22:35:00.000-07:00

Lezione 91 verbo andare parte 2
Imperfetto
I was going;I used to go……..…..io andavo
You were going…………andavi
He/she was going………… andava
We were going………….andavamo
You were going (to a group)…………andavate
They were going……..andavano

Futuro semplice

I will go…………andrò
You will go……..andrai
He/she will go……..andrà
We will go………andremo
You will go (to a group)……….andrete
They will go……….andranno

Lesson 90 verb -to go

2009-10-29T22:30:00.000-07:00

Lezione 90 verbo andare
Presente
I go………..vado
You go…….vai
He/she goes……… va
We go………..andiamo
You go (to a group)………….andate
They go……….vanno

Passato prossimo
I have gone; I went…….sono andato/a
You have gone; you went…………sei andato/a
He/she has gone…………..è andato/a
We have gone…………….siamo andati/e
You have gone (to a group)…………..siete andati/e
They have gone……sono andati/e

Lesson 89 at a hotel part 2

2009-10-28T04:57:00.000-07:00

Lezione 89 in un hotel parte 2

I will stay for ...nights……Mi fermo per.... notti
Can you suggest another hotel?........Potete suggerirmi un altro hotel?
Do you have a safe?.............Avete una cassaforte (centrale)?
Is breakfast/supper included?............È inclusa la colazione
Is supper included?......... È inclusa la cena?
What time is breakfast/ A che ora è la colazione
What time is supper?........A che ora è la cena?
Please clean my room………..Pulite la mia camera, per favore.
Can you wake me at………………..Potete svegliarmi alle
I want to check out……………….voglio partire

Lesson 88 at a hotel

2009-10-27T04:32:00.000-07:00

Lezione 88 in un hotel
Do you have any rooms available?................Avete camere libere?
How much is a room for one person/two people?
Quanto costa una stanza singola/doppia?
Does the room come with……………La stanza ha
bedsheets?............lenzuola?
a bathroom?..........un bagno?
a telephone?..............un telefono?
a TV?...............un television?
May I see the room first?...............Posso prima vedere la stanza?
Do you have anything quieter?.................Ha una stanza più silenziosa?
bigger?............più grande?
cleaner?........più pulita?
cheaper?...più economica?
OK, I'll take it………….Va bene, la prendo.

Lesson 87 to play

2009-10-26T04:29:00.000-07:00

Lezione da 87 giocare

Presente
I play………gioco
you play………giochi
he/she plays……….gioca
we play…………giochiamo
you play(to a group)……….giocate
They play………… giocano

Lesson 86 Sports

2009-10-25T04:27:00.000-07:00

Lezione 86 Sport

Golf……….. il golf
Soccer………….. il calcio
Volleyball………….. la pallavolo
Football………….. il foot-ball americano
Basketball……………..la pallacanestro
Baseball……………. il baseball
Swimming…….. il nuoto
Tennis………… il tennis
Bicycling…………… il ciclismo
Boxing…………. il pugilato
Skating………… il pattinaggio
Skiing…………. lo sci
car racing………….. l'automobilismo

Lesson 85 subjects part 2

2009-10-24T04:24:00.000-07:00

Lezione 85 soggetti parte 2

Math les mathématiques
Algebra…………… l'algèbre
Calculus…………. le calcul
Geometry………… la géométrie
Business/Trade………….. le commerce
Accounting…………… la comptabilité
Economics………… les sciences économiques
Foreign Languages………… les langues vivante
Linguistics………… la linguistique
Literature…………… la littérature
Philosophy…………. la philosophie
Political Science………………. les sciences politiques
Geography……….. la géographie

Lesson 84 subjects

2009-10-23T04:21:00.000-07:00

Lezione 84 soggetti

History…………..l'histoire
Physics…………… la physique
Biology……………la biologie
Chemistry…………… la chimie
Zoology la……….. zoologie
Botany……………. la botanique
Art………………. les arts-plastiqu
Music……………. la musique
Dance…………. la danse
Drawing……………….. le dessin
Painting………….. la peinture
Computer Science…………….. l'informatique
Technology…………….. la technologie
Physical Education……………….. l'éducation physique

Lesson 83 at a bar

2009-10-22T04:17:00.000-07:00

Lezione 83 in un bar

Do you serve alcohol?................Servite alcolici? (quite formal)
Is there table service?...............C'è il servizio al tavolo?
A beer/two beers, please………………...Una birra/due birre, per favore.
A pint, please.Un boccale………………, per favore.
A bottle, please.Una bottiglia……………….., per favore.
Vodka……………………vodka
Rum………………rum
Water……………acqua
tonic water……………..acqua tonica
orange juice………………succo di arancia
Do you have any bar snacks?....................C'è un bar con spuntini?
One more, please…………………..Un altro, per favore.
Another round, please……………………Un altro giro, per favore.
When is closing time?................Qual è l'ora di chiusura?

Lesson 82 to do/make part 3

2009-10-21T04:14:00.000-07:00

Lezione 82 -fare parte 3
I will do……… farò
You will do….……farai
He/she will do……...farà
We will do……faremo
You will do (to a group)……..farete
They will do………faranno

Che cosa fa? What do you do (as a profession)?
Faccio il contabile. I'm an accountant.
Che facoltà fa? What's your major?
Faccio architettura. I'm studying/majoring in architecture.

Lesson 81 to do/make part 2

2009-10-20T22:06:00.000-07:00

Lesson 81 -fare parte 2

Passato prossimo
I have done; I did…………..ho fatto
You have done……….. hai fatto
He/she has done…………. ha fatto
We have done…………… abbiamo fatto
You have done(to a group)…………. avete fatto
They have done…………… hanno fatto

Imperfetto
I was doing; I used to do…….facevo
You were doing; you used to do……facevi
He/she was doing………. faceva
We were doing……………facevamo
You were doing………………facevate
They were doing……..facevano

Lesson 80 to do/make

2009-10-19T05:54:00.000-07:00

Lezione 80 Fare

I do.......…faccio
You do…......fai
He/she does…......fa
We do….......facciamo
You do (to a group)….......fate
They do....……fanno

Lesson 79 The future tense

2009-10-18T05:44:00.000-07:00

Lezione 79 il tempo futuro part 3
following are two irregular verbs conjugated in future tense

Vedere
I shall see……….. vedrò
You will see………..vedrai
He/she will see………...vedrà
We will see………..vedremo
You will see (to a group)………..vedrete
They will see………..vedranno

Venire
I will come………. verrò
You will come……….. verrai
He/she will come……….. verrà
We will come….…….verremo
You will come (to a group)……….. verrete
They will come……..verranno

Lesson 78 The future tense part 2

2009-10-17T05:41:00.000-07:00

Lezione 78 il tempo futuro parte 2
scrivere
I shall write............. scriverò
You will write..........scriverai
He/she will write..........scriverà
We shall write.......... scriveremo
You will write(to a group)................scriverete
They will write….........scriveranno

partire
I shall start............. partirò
You will start............... partirai
He/she will start......... partirà
We shall start............... partiremo
You shall start(to a group).............. partirete
They will start................. partiranno

Be careful with the spelling of some verbs when you put them into the Future Tense. This will happen with verbs ending in -care and -gare, e.g.
pagare (to pay) I'll pay = pagherò
This will also happen with verbs ending in -ciare and -giare, e.g.
viaggiare (to travel) I'll travel = viaggerò

lesson 77 the future tense

2009-10-16T05:35:00.000-07:00

lezione 77 il futuro
These ending are attached to the present infinitive which loses the final -e. Look at the tab
-ò = I shall
-ai = you will
-à = he/she will
-emo = we shall
-ete = you will
-anno = they will

Conjugation of parlare

parlare
I shall speak parlerò
You will speak parlerai
He/she will speak parlerà
We shall speak parleremo
You will speak parlerete
They will speak parleranno

lesson 76 important signs part 2

2009-10-15T05:25:00.000-07:00

Lezione 76 segnali importanti, parte 2

Entrance…….ingresso/entrata
Information…………informazione
Toilets………….gabinetti/bagni
Men………….uomini
Women……….donne
No smoking! ………….Vietato fumar!
No bathing! …………..Vietato nuotare!
Keep off grass……...Non calpestare le aiuole.
Hands off……....Non toccare!
For rent………..si affito
Vacant………. vacante
For sale………… Si vende
Cashier…………. Cassa
No parking……... Divieto de sosta!

lesson 75 important signs

2009-10-14T03:16:00.000-07:00

Lezione 75 segni importanti
Caution, watch out!........... Attenzione!
Danger!.......... Pericolo!
Stop!.......... Alt!
Open………..aperto
Closed………….Chiuso
Pull………..tirare
Push………..Spinta
Entrance……….ingresso
Exit……..Uscita
Cold……….freddo
Hot………….Caldo
Reserved……….. Reservato
Occupied………. Occupato
Water non drinkable………….. Acqua non potabile

lesson 74 reflexive verbs the future tense

2009-10-13T03:14:00.000-07:00

Lezione 74 verbi riflessivi il tempo futuro

I will enjoy myself............mi diverterò
You will enjoy yourself……..ti diverterai
He/she will enjoy himself/herself………..si diverterà
We will enjoy ourselves……….ci diverteremo
You will enjoy yourselves…….vi diverterete
They will enjoy themselves……..si diverteranno

lesson 73 reflexive verbs pefect and imperfect tense

2009-10-12T03:06:00.000-07:00

Lezione 73 pefect verbi riflessivi e imperfetto
Passato prossimo
I have enjoyed myself; I enjoyed myself…….mi sono divertito
You have enjoyed youself………….ti sei divertito
He/she has enjoyed himself/herself……….si è divertito
We have enjoyed ourselves………..ci siamo divertiti
You have enjoyed yourselves………vi siete divertiti
They have enjoyed themselves…………..si sono divertiti

Imperfetto
I was enjoying myself; I used to enjoy myself……..mi divertivo
You were enjoying yourself………….ti divertivi
He/she was enjoying himself/herself…………si divertiva
We were enjoying ourselves…………ci divertivamo
You were enjoying yourselves…….vi divertivate
They were enjoying themselves……..si divertivano